has become a trial to him as it is to the normal European. It takes greater willpower for him to be faithful to uninteresting work, and lack of interest brings fatigue. The author next turned to the changed attitudes to taste and sex and pain resulting from literacy: I suggest also that the nervous system of the untouched African is so lethargic that he needs little sleep. Many of our workmen walk some miles to their jobs, work well all day and then return home and spend most of the night sitting up guarding their gardens against the depredations of wild pigs. For weeks on end they sleep only two or three hours a night. The important moral inference from all this is that the African of the old generation with whom we have